Antioxidant defense system in fish Notopterus notopterus Effect of metal toxicity

Abstract

The increase in population and development has the potential to negatively impact local newlineaquatic systems due to increased pollution from run off, and effluents from industrial and waste newlinewater treatment facilities. Mahanadi River is the 3rd largest river in India and considered as the newlinelife line of Odisha as most parts of this costal state depend on this river not only for water but newlinealso for their livelihood. Like any other river systems in developing and developed countries, newlinethis river is also under the threat of pollution due to urbanization and industrialization. The newlinepresent study was conducted in and around Cuttack city encompassing Choudwar-Jagatpur newlineindustrial area (N:20o newline28 34.43 ; E: 85o newline48 15.13 and N:20o newline29 46.80 ; E:85o newline53 32.76 ) having newlinesteel, ferro alloys, charge chrome, textile and paper industries. Huge amount of water to cool newlinethe products and flush the impurities away from the finished stock generating large quantities newlineof waste water is the main threat to the River by these industries. Albeit the waste water newlinedischarge of these industries contain 70 friendly trace element, namely, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), newline12 poisonous toxic metals like lead, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are newlinedischarged. Metals being non-biodegradable and persistent make the most dangerous pollutants newlinein nature. Essential metals like Fe and Zn, also exert positive or detrimental effects on plant, newlineanimal, and human life depending on their concentration. With this background, in this study, newlineinvestigation were done on the Mahanadi River water and health of dwelling Indian Knife fish newlineNotopterus notopterus from three sites along the course of the river in an around Cuttack city newline(Odisha) to establish potential cellular and proteomic biomarkers as a function of metal stress newlineas well as in conducting a cage experiment with dietary suppplementaion of Spirulina to newlineameliorate the changes. newline