Antiproliferative Efficacy of Bioactive Compound Isolated from Chrysopogon Zizanioides L Roberty on Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract

Chrysopogon zizanioides (L). Roberty, commonly known as Vetiver, consist of multiple chemical constituents with numerous health benefits. The existing literature indicates most of its biological activities are derived from roots. However, chemical components and their biological activities of aerial parts of Chrysopogon zizanioides are unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate, purify, and characterize novel compounds from aerial parts of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L). Roberty, the phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenol, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were analyzed. The bioactive compounds showing the highest inhibiting activity against DPPH free radicals and revealed promising anticancer activity against HCT 116 and Vero cell lines. Further isolated compound was predicted for its ADMET properties, biological activities using in silico approaches, were determined. The UV, FTIR, HPLC, NMR, Mass spectrometry analysis indicates that the isolated compound was pure. In silico ADMET prediction studies suggest that the C4 compound possessed a drug likeness nature with limited bioavailability and displayed a variety of biological activities. C4 compound was able to reduce the Vero cells, and HCT 116 cancer cell-induced elevation of enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and promoted the LDH enzyme levels. Further, flow cytometric analysis results indicated that C4 compound significantly increased the dead cell (%) in Vero cells to 63.00 % at IC50 (255.28 and#956;g/ml) and HCT 116 cancer cells to 56.59 % at IC50 (68.47 and#956;g/ml), indicates that C4 compound induces the cytotoxicity. PCR and ELISA data from our study suggest that the C4 compound increased the mRNA and protein levels of p38 MAPK, suggesting that the C4 compound mediated cytotoxicity could be due to the elevation of the p38 MAPK enzyme. Hence, our study concludes that the C4 compound isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L). Roberty act as an anticancer agent and can be used to tre