A comprehensive Study of Quantification Transfer and Risk Assessment of Selected Metals in Wheat and Rice Grown in Bhiwani Region Haryana

Abstract

Heavy metals and metalloids are the natural and structural part of the earth s crust with a density greater than 5 g/cm3 . Many of them are environmentally persistent and nondegradable contaminants. Initially, they are deposited on the soil surface, then absorbed by the apoplast of plant roots and further distributed and accumulated into their edible and non-edible parts, posing an imminent danger to the food chain. A very less amount of heavy metals can also be taken up by crop by atmospheric deposition. Crop are major part of human platter as they have high amounts of fibers, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. Therefore, heavy metals contamination of crop cannot be ignored due to their significance in food quality assurance. Furthermore, the food chain pyramid is the track by which biologically toxic trace metals accumulated in humans and other animals. Nowadays, the public awareness of health risks is increasing the risk assessment associated with heavy metals contamination has become one of the hot topics worldwide. Prolonged consumption of high heavy metal levels through contaminated food may cause chronic heavy metals accumulation in humans liver, kidney, and bones, resulting in kidney, cardiovascular, nervous, and bone diseases. In addition, soil contamination with heavy metals is widely reported to cause health hazards. Heavy metals contamination of soil and edible parts of crop is presently a challenging environmental issue worldwide. newline