The health implications of waste water irrigation a case study of Varanasi

Abstract

Presently the world is getting rapidly urbanized. The phenomenon of rapid urbanization occurs faster in developing country like India. Urbanization usually comes with more of complexities than its blessings. Few among the multiple accompany urbanization are poverty malnutrition food insecurity decreasing urban shelter and security, backlogs in delivery of basics services increasing, inequality and degradation of urban environment. India s urban centers are also witnessing unprecedented expansion and growth. Feeding the cities has become a major challenge where more and more food supply will have to be brought from distanced rural places incurring higher cost for food prices. These multitudes pressurizes the natural environment and which is reflecting human security especially in term so health insecurity. As a consequence of urbanization, growing poverty, hunger, and lack formal employment opportunities have stimulated the development of urban agriculture. No doubt urban and peri urban agriculture have been practiced in town in developing countries like India, many factors justify the rational of UPA, however despite the glaring the fact that UPA place an important role in livelihood of urban dwellers with indispensible role of urban employment, acting as path of poverty, prompting food security and reducing poverty, the side effect of UPA is seldom attended by the practitioners and policy makers.