Phenotypic and genotypic detection of blakpc and blandm 1 genes in clinical isolates of gram negative bacilli

Abstract

Carbapenems, effective in treating serious infections, have a wide range of activity and are often preferred for treatment. Metallo-and#946;-lactamases (MBL) are enzymes that hydrolyze and confer resistance to carbapenems, leading to infections in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. The study was conducted to isolate Gram-negative bacilli from various clinical samples, perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detect carbapenem resistance in these bacilli using phenotypic methods and PCR. A total of600 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were identified and Phenotypic detection of MBL was done by combined disc test (CDT) and Modified Hodge test (MHT). PCR was performed to detect carbapenemase genes viz. BlaKPC gene, BlaNDM-1 gene. The isolates included 223(37.16%) E. coli followed by 204 (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, 92(15.33%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 72(12%) Acinetobacter baumannii and 9 (0.15%) Proteus mirabilis. 71 isolates were carbapenem-resistant and out of these, 64 (90.14%) were positive by CDT and 35 (49.29%) were positive by MHT. BlaKPC gene was detected in 2(2.81%) isolates and BlaNDM-1 gene in 5 (7.04%) isolates. Early identification of MBL-producing bacteria, strict antibiotic policies and implementation antimicrobial stewardship programs can help to stop the spread of these superbugs within hospitals. newline