Adaptive routing protocols for Adhoc wireless sensor networks

Abstract

An Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network with a sink or Base station (BS) communicating with a large number of sensors deployed in an ad hoc random manner via a radio wireless link in the sensing field. Data/event is sensed by a sensor node, aggregated and communicated to the sink in a single hop or through newlinemultiple hops involving the available other nodes as relays/intermediate nodes. The BS then transmits the received data to newlinethe end user system to perform necessary actions. Many WSN applications deal with real world scenarios, but many of the solutions are developed with simplifying assumptions about radio links, wireless systems and end applications. Sensed data newlinetransmission to end systems is time limited to perform appropriate observations or actions. Currently, very few solutions meet the demands of real-time applications in WSN. Another challenging factor for a WSN is power consumption by sensor nodes, as nodes run with limited energy resources like newlinebatteries. WSN looks practical for real time applications, but batteries newlineof sensor nodes drain quickly and need replacement constantly, hence cannot be used widely. However, the hardware can be designed for the node to have efficient power/energy consumption with sleep and newlinewakeup cycles. Sleep mode when node is idle and wakeup or active mode during transmission and reception, which ensure power reduction. Many solutions exist in WSN for efficient utilization of energy newline/power of nodes.