Design of evolutionary algorithms to enhance coverage and connectivity in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are often deployed for data-gathering or monitoring in a geographical region. An important issue here is to maintain the fidelity of the sensed data while minimizing energy usage in the network. However, current sensor networks still have some limitations that prevent them from better serving the people. The limitations are as follows: limited power at each sensor, limited communication ability, limited computation ability, and limited wireless bandwidth, large number of nodes in a network, huge deployment area and infinite sensing data streams. These limitations pose a lot of challenging problems. To deploy a sensor network, an aircraft may be used to spread the sensors into an area when ground access is not possible. newlineIn the present research, the two important characteristics, viz., coverage and connectivity of a sensor network and design a fault-tolerance scheme for energy conservation are have the prime focus. In most deployment scenario, it is cost-effective to deploy sensors randomly in a redundant fashion since the sensor hardware is generally cheap relative to the cost of deployment. In such a highly redundant sensor networks, it will be useful to select a minimally sufficient subset of sensors to keep active at any given time thus conserving energy and prolonging the sensor network lifetime. newlineIn particular, determine the active minimum K-cover which is informally defined as a set of sensors such that each point in the given region is covered by at least K distinct sensors. The set of active nodes must also induce a connected communication topology so that they can collectively transmit data to a central node. In this research, Evolutionary algorithms are designed to select a minimum number of sensor nodes that form a connected communication graph and also provide K coverage and obtain minimum distance between source and destination by using Adoptive Genetic algorithms to enhance connectivity in wireless sensor networks.