Antimicrobial properties and analysis of bioactive compounds of non gilled mushrooms collected from North Western Himalayas

Abstract

newline ABSTRACT newlineMushrooms have been recognized as functional food and a source for the prevention and treatment of human disorder. Macro fungi are regarded as important source for the development of novel and safe drugs. The antimicrobial and antioxidant power of mushroom had gained the attention of research from last decade. The present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial and analysis of bioactive compounds of four non-gilled mushrooms collected from forest of North Western Himalayas. 145 mushroom fruiting bodies were collected. Out of 145 collected samples, 28 were non-gilled and only four samples were selected from 15 pure cultures. Purity of mycelial cultures were examined on the basis of their microscopic features. Molecular identification of all selected four non-gilled mushrooms were sequenced from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA gene of four non-gilled mushrooms were compared with other species and identified as Auricularia auricula-judae (2/15), Auricularia polytricha (6/15), Ganoderma lucidum (32/15) and Trametes elegans (132/15). Then after Sequences were submitted to NCBI and their accession numbers are MF770159, MF774107, MF770158 and MF770160 respectively and the fruiting body of the entire four mushrooms were submitted in the Herbarium of Punjab University Chandigarh with Voucher number Auricularia auricula judae (27219), Auricularia polytricha (27218), Ganoderma lucidum (27220) and Trametes elegans (27217). The optimal growth conditions of four non-gilled mushroom cultures were determined by establishing variability in growth response on solid and liquid media over a range of growth parameters (Temperature, pH and Carbon: Nitrogen sources). According to results all the four isolated samples showed maximum growth at temperature 30°C, pH 7 and C: N ratio at 20:2. Methanolic and hexane extracts were prepared to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four non-gilled mushrooms which was performed against three pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 73), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Escherichia coli (MTCC 739 ) and one fungal strain Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045). The obtained results revealed that methanolic extract of Auricularia polytrciha showed best antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae and extract of Trametes elegans showed least activity against C. neoformans. In hexane extract of Auricularia polytricha showed maximum activity against P. aeruginosa and zone of newlinexi newlineinhibition was not observed by extract of Trametes elegans and Auricularia auricula judae against C. neoformans. In comparison to hexane extract, methanolic extract showed good antimicrobial activity against all pathogenic microorganism and the evaluated extracts of all samples exhibit more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria than on fungi. newlineQualitative and Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds were carried out for four isolated samples. Qualitative results obtained revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Quantitative results showed methanolic extract had high amount of bioactive compounds then hexane extract and HPTLC technique identified the amount of rutin and gallic acid in four non-gilled isolated samples while their composition was evaluated by FTIR technique. The research therefore suggested that non-gilled mushrooms could be used for further studies as future dietary supplement and natural drugs to improve human health. newlineKey words: Antimicrobial activity, Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity FTIR, HPTLC