Energy efficient clustering and routing to increase the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a key innovation with diverse newlinepractical uses. Comprised of compact, autonomous sensor nodes capable of detecting newlineenvironmental conditions, processing information, and transmitting data wirelessly, newlineWSNs are highly versatile. However, a key limitation lies in their limited battery life, newlinewhich poses a challenge to maintaining network performance and prolonged operation. newlineTo solve this problem, researchers have focused on creating energy-aware communication newlineprotocols, optimizing data aggregation strategies, and implementing techniques newlineto conserve power. These advancements maximize the network s lifetime and improve newlineits functionality across various fields. Due to their adaptability, scalability, and costefficiency, newlineWSNs are increasingly considered a practical solution in many modern applications. newlineIn WSNs, clustering entails arranging sensor nodes into groups known as clusters to newlinereduce energy use and improve operating efficiency. Each cluster has a designated node newlinecalled the cluster head (CH) that gathers information from the cluster and transmits it newlineto the base station (BS) through member nodes. Its strategy provides several advantages, newlineincluding improved energy utilization, extended network lifespan, and simplified newlinescalability. By centralizing communication tasks via the cluster head, individual sensor newlinenodes conserve energy, resulting in more efficient data transfer throughout the network. newlineThe routing process aims to identify the path that will result in the least amount of newlineenergy consumption, the longest lifespan for the network, and the most reliable, timely newlinetransmission of data. Energy constraint, network dynamics, data aggregation, and data newlinetransfer are the four most critical elements that have an impact on routing. The necessity newlineto conserve energy affects both multi-hop and single-hop transmission. techniques. The newlinemulti-hop method reduces both power usage and transmission distance. newlineThe first research work in this thesis aims towards an efficient clustering and rout