Solar powered iot system and gis for realtime monitoring and analysis of groundwater quality in a coastal river basin

Abstract

An increase in groundwater utilization shows the demand for unpolluted water people require; the shortage of groundwater and surface water is increasing due to population growth and rapid industrialization. Thus, it is indispensable to have several methods and equipment for water quality monitoring. Paravanar river basin is one of the semi-arid basins in Tamil Nadu, India, facing irregularities in rainfall. The existence of droughts, limited water availability, migration of agricultural labourers to industrial works, flood due to poor maintenance of stormwater drainage structures, underground sewerage, reduction in flood-carrying capacity of the channels and rivers, and hence the damage to the public is due to improper management of flood water, which is related to groundwater quality and change in the study area. Groundwater quality in the Paravanar river basin has significant characteristics and its consideration is unavoidable since it s a major source of water for drinking, industries and irrigation usage. The proposed study evaluates the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of Photovoltaic (PV) panel, real-time groundwater quality monitoring, suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes, hydrogeochemical processes and influence of seawater intrusion. newlineIn this study, the system has been designed and developed for real-time online monitoring of groundwater quality that can work across the Internet of Things (IoT) to generate data for analysis and to raise an alert if any differences in data norms in water quality occur. The power supply for the system is generated from solar energy. For standard power supply, the maximum power of PV panel is achieved by Fuzzy based MPPT. PV model, buck-boost converter and fuzzy logic controller are designed and simulated using Matlab. Water Quality Index (WQI) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) are used to identify the suitable area of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively.