Study of Inflammatory and Immune mediators in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

According to GLOBOCAN 2020 the incidence of renal cell carcinoma RCC is growing at a faster rate Despite the advances in diagnosis and surgery the outcome remains unsatisfactory The role of inflammatory and immune mediators in the tumor microenvironment TME may help in managing advanced RCCs Aim is to study the expression of inflammatory and immune mediators in RCC This retrospective study was conducted during the period January 2010 to September 2018 150 Histo pathologically proven RCC paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissue blocks were selected Biotin Streptavidin Immunoperoxidase method was done Q scoring was used to analyze the expressions 73 percentage of cases showed Carbonic Anhydrase IX positivity and the expression were found to be reduced as the grade advances 96 point 6 percentage of cases were Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor positive 44 percentage of cases expressed Programmed Death Ligand1 and 75 percentage of sarcomatous type showed increased positivity 41 percentage of RCCs were Cluster Differentiation positive and increased expression was observed in sarcomatous subtype high grade and advanced stage Elevated Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio values were noted in advanced stage and high grade RCC The tumors are no longer considered as bulk of malignant cells but a complex TME with immune cells inflammatory factors and apoptotic factors Our study provides the evidence that Inflammatory and Immune mediators in the TME have a prognostic value to complement TNM staging system and also help in designing therapy for RCC management newline