Exploring the Disparity of Psychological Variables among Individual Sports Team Sports and E Sports A Psychological Prob

Abstract

Attempts have been made to find out the difference of Psychological variables among Individual Sports, Team Sports and E-Sports. The problem was stated as Exploring the Disparity of Psychological Variable among Individual Sports, Team Sports and E-Sports: A Psychological Probe . newline A group of 300 male subjects volunteered to participate in the study and the researcher collected the data from the subject s (i.e., Individual Sports; (Athletics, Archery, Gymnastics, Badminton and Chess) Team Sport; (Volleyball, Kabaddi and Handball) and E-Sports) of Punjabi University, Patiala (N1=100), Panjab University, Chandigarh (N2=100) and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (N3=100). newline The subjects were purposively selected from affiliated colleges to the following three universities: newlineand#61607; Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab (N1=100) newlineand#61607; Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT (N2=100) newlineand#61607; Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab (N3=100) newline To conclude the level of Mental Toughness of selected subjects for the present study, the Mental Toughness tool constructed by Goldberg (1990)was administered. To measure the level of self-esteem of selected subjects, the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) developed by Prasad and Thakur (1988) was administered. To measure the level of flow state of selected subjects, the flow state scale developed by Jackson andEklund (2004) was administered in this study. newline The present study is an exploratory study that has employed method of data collection and analysis quantitatively. The differences in the mean of each group for selected variable were tested for the significance of difference by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For further analysis Post-Hoc Test (Scheffe s Test) was applied. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. newline It is apparent that results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with regard to Mental Toughness, Self-Esteem and Flow State among Individual Sports, Team Sports and E-Sports players were found statistically significant (P lt .05).Sports psychologists, Coaches, Spor