Design and Optimization of Ground Defected Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Communication System

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineNow a days there are challenges to cover more frequency bands with a single antenna. Since, a single antenna cannot operate at two or more than two frequencies (frequency band) of the communication system and for this purpose multiple different antennas covering this band separately should be used. However, the usage of many antennas is usually limited by the volume and cost constraints of the applications. Therefore, multiband and wideband antennas are essential to provide multifunctional operations for the communication system. newlinePresent work is an investigation for, how the defects as well as slots of different shapes and sizes on the ground of microstrip patch antenna (MPA) improve its characteristics. This research work is mainly focused on single and multiband antenna structure. The need of wide band and multiband antenna is increased to avoid using two or more than two antennas. newlineIn view of above, it is proposed to design an antenna for such prospect to cover more frequency bands to support many applications using a single antenna. In this work, microstrip patch antenna (MPA) of goblet shape, hexagonal shape and triangular shape of patch have been designed with the help of a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software for multiband applications. The antenna material as an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thicknesses of the substrate 1.5 mm and 1.6 mm have been used. The performance of the antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension, location of the defected ground structure (DGS), different geometry (rectangular / circular) of DGS and different geometry (rectangular / circular) of slot at a specific position of patch and on the ground plane of designed MPA. newlineThe Goblet shaped Microstrip patch antenna (GMPA) with rectangular slot and rectangular defect is suitable for S band (2.0 GHz 4.0 GHz), X band (8.0 GHz 12.50 GHz) and Ku band (12.5 GHz - 18.0 GHz) applications. The gain of rectangular defected - slotted GMPA is found newline6.76 dB and return loss -28.93 dB has obs