Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Hybrid Techniques

Abstract

Abstract newlineIn this work, two industrial wastewaters, from food industry and textile industry newlinerespectively were used for treatment using Hybrid techniques. The treatments include newlineFenton and Sono-Fenton process, catalytic ozonation and membrane filtration. In newlinecatalytic ozonation four catalysts, activated carbon, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Iron newlineoxide nanoparticles and Iron shavings were used. The activated carbon, Multiwalled newlinecarbon nanotubes, was synthesized from agricultural waste and plastic waste newlinerespectively. Iron shavings used were taken from machine shop. Iron oxide newlinenanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The ceramic membrane newlinewas synthesized from cenosphere. newlineIn Fenton and Sono-Fenton process, Response surface Methodology was newlineemployed using Box Bekhem design for experiment designing. The linear, square and newlineinteractive effects of independent variables such as, reaction time, pH, molar ratio of newlinehydrogen peroxide and Fe ions, volumetric ration of hydrogen peroxide to wastewater newlineand ultrasonic density were studied. The optimization of mention variables were done newlineto get maximum chemical oxygen demand removal from wastewaters. In case of newlineCatalytic ozonation, Ozone exposure and hydroxyl radical exposure were calculated newlineusing probe compound para-chloro benzoic acid (p-cba), to determine reaction pathway newlineand effectiveness of catalysts. The effect of pH, catalyst dose and specific ozone dose newlinewere determined for the catalytic ozonation of wastewaters. The efficiency of catalysts newlinewas determined in terms of hydroxyl radical generation. The removal of chemical newlineoxygen demand and total organic carbon removal were studied for wastewaters. The newlineceramic membrane filtration was done to study chemical oxygen demand, total organic newlinecarbon removal and total dissolved solid removal. newlineThe Sono-Fenton process proved more effective when compared with Fenton newlineprocess for both wastewaters. The chemical oxygen demand removal for Son-Fenton newlineprocess found highest in both wastewater samples. In case of catalytic ozonation, newlineMultiwalled carbon nanotubes catalyst was found most effective among the four newlinecatalysts studied. It had shown highest chemical oxygen demand removal, total organic newlinecarbon removal and hydroxyl radical generation. The membrane filtration had shown newlinebest results for raw wastewater than treated wastewater for chemical oxygen demand, newlinetotal organic carbon removal and total dissolved solid removal newline