a study to estimate the prevalence risk factors and nkx 2 Point 5 gene correlation of congenital heart diseases in kanpur and periphery

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as a gross structural abnormality of the heart and major blood vessels that causes significant functional impairment. The estimated birth prevalence of CHD is 8-12/1000 live births with a significant geographical difference. In India, over 180,000 children are born with CHD every year with state wise variation and contribute to 10% of the present infant mortality. Nearly one thirds of the CHD are critical requiring intervention in the 1st year of life. Most of the CHD are thought to be multifactorial and result from a combination of genetic and non genetic risk factors. According to recent update report of the American Heart Association, atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta, and atrioventricular septal defect accounts for 85% of all CHDs. newline