Comparative study of different diagnostic modalities for the detection of malaria and antimalarial drug chloroquine resistance genes and its polymorphism with insilico protein expression and its homology in plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum at a teritiary care centre Kanpur

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, the incidence of malaria continues to increase and India contributes to one-third of cases of malaria globally with the highest incidence reported by Plasmodium vivax species. Objectives: The study was under taken to compare the accuracy of malarial diagnostic methods and antimalarial drug (chloroquine) resistance genes (Pvcrt-o, Pvmdr-1 and Pfcrt, Pfmdr1) and its polymorphism with Insilco protein expression and its homology in P. vivax and P. falciparum spp. at a tertiary care centre Kanpur Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of RMCHandRC, Kanpur for a period of 2 year March. 2022 to March 2024. A total of 181 whole, blood samples were collected and examined by Peripheral blood smear (PBS) stained with Giemsa stain, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for detection of antigen and CBS (Centrifuged buffy coat smear) tests respectively yield. The drug resistant gene pvcrt-o, pvmdr-1 and Pfcrt, Pfmdr1 was detected by conventional PCR assay and incilio protein by uses of bioinformatics tools (Swiss-prot). The Ethical Clearance was taken from the Ethical Committee of the institution. Results: Out of the total 181 Malaria suspected cases, 22 positive cases of Plasmodium vivax and 1 Plasmodium falciparum species were detected by RDT and CBS, 18 by PBS tests. 15 (65.21%) were male and 08 (34.78%) were female, the maximum number of cases were in 11-20, 21-30 and 41-50 years followed by 1-10, 31-40 and 51-60 years. . The comparative performance of RDT, CBC and PBS were analysed, the RDT and CBS showed a sensitivity of (100%), specificity =(100%), the sensitivity of PBS is 100%, specificity 96.93%, PPV(78.26%), NPV(100%) and accuracy(97.23%) respectively. All were Plasmodium spp. 22.72% isolates were resistant for gene pvmdr-1and pvcrt-o associated with drug resistance of Chloroquine in P. vivax. In our model out of 322 residues, 271 amino acid residues (90.9%) are present in allowed region which further strengths our approach and the genuineness of the iv model being most related to pvmdr